• Molniya • Geostationary/ Crosslink • LEO/ Crosslink Adapted from SMAD. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN These ships were designed to replace the Project 205 Tsunami (NATO: "Osa") missile boats. In fact, in the period from A satellite in a geostationary orbit appears to be stationary to an observer on the ground. The FFT's below show plots of the strong 'telemetry' that was observed from each satellite. The following formula is used to calculate the eccentricity of a shape. determiner. Something possessing the power to exact severe sacrifice. If you’re ordering a gyro for lunch, you pronounce it yee -roh or zhihr -oh. Molniya orbits also have a long dwell time in the extreme latitude regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Intelsat was originally formed as the International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (INTELSAT). Molniya (Russian: Молния, meaning "lightning") was a military communications satellite system used by the Soviet Union.The satellites were placed into highly eccentric elliptical orbits known as Molniya orbits, characterised by an inclination of +63.4 degrees and a period of around 12 hours. Left FFT is 1000.450MHz and right FFT is 992.454MHz. הגייה על Op-molniya עם 1 הגיית אודיו, 1 תרגום, ועוד Op-molniya. Two medium Earth orbits are notable: the semi-synchronous orbit and the Molniya orbit. CSE-407 (Fundamental + Satellite + VSAT). The most common types of HEO are the Molniya and Tundra orbits. Pronúncia de molniya 1 pronúncia em áudio, e mais, para molniya. A satellite at … Hide. Note that satellites that want to keep one face always pointing towards the Earth, use what is called an LVLH attitude hold, where LV is the Local Vertical and LH is the Local Horizontal as defined in the figure. Intelsat, S.A. is a leading provider of communication satellite services. Molniya orbits are highly eccentric, meaning that there is a large difference between the altitude at apogee and the altitude of perigee. The orbits are such that the satellite passes close to the earth near the South Pole, travelling fast; and at a great distance from the earth near the North Pole, travelling slowly. The orbits are such that the satellite passes close to the earth near the South Pole, travelling fast; and at a great distance from the earth near the North Pole, travelling slowly. Moldova pronunciation. Molniya. See more. English thesaurus is mainly derived from The Integral Dictionary (TID). Hur säger molniya på Italienska? A highly elliptical orbit inclined at an angle of about 65° to the plane of the equator, such as is occupied by the Russian Molniya satellites. 你怎么说 Op-molniya 在 英语? The inclination and perigee appear to be periodic, for example, around No-are selected such that the argument of perigee does not vemer 1984. change with time, and the satellite remains above the 4. Molniya orbits are named after a series of Soviet/Russian Molniya communications satellites which have been using this type of orbit since the mid-1960s. The semi-synchronous orbit is a near-circular orbit (low eccentricity) 26,560 kilometers from the center of the Earth (about 20,200 kilometers above the surface). Where e is the eccentricity. Op-molniya name meaning available! By analogy, the equivalent orbit for the southern hemisphere, with the argument of perigee changed to +90 degrees. The satellite appears stationary by matching Earth’s movement, which rotates along its own axis. Trouvez votre bonheur. Recent Launches. Similar orbits are used in Earth applications, but we are not constraining ourselves to the definition of an Earth Molniya orbit. a is the distance from the center to the vertex. From 1964 to 2001 it was an intergovernmental conglomerate that owned and managed a group of communication satellites that provided international broadcast services. A Molniya orbit is a type of highly elliptical orbit with an inclination of 63.4 degrees, an argument of perigee of −90 degrees and an orbital period of one half of a sidereal day. Il est toujours actif. Výslovnost molniya s 1 výslovnost audio, 2 překlady, a více molniya. молния. Molniya (satellite) The Molniya (Russian: Молния, IPA: [ˈmolnʲɪjə] (listen), "Lightning") series satellites are military and communications satellites launched by the Soviet Union from 1965 to 2004. These satellites use highly eccentric elliptical orbits known as Molniya orbits, which have a long dwell time over high latitudes. Find useful information for every word or common phrase. The two-satellite Molniya system provides very rich observational geometry that includes the entire diurnal cycle of the solar zenith angle, as well as a wide range of viewing zenith angles and relative azimuth angles over any particular location in the area of interest. Communication is the process … Word Panda provides you with a huge database of English words. 发音 Op-molniya 1 音, 1 翻译, 更为 Op-molniya. From 1964 to 2001 it was an intergovernmental conglomerate that owned and managed a group of communication satellites that provided international broadcast services. Two prototypes were built, but in 1958 the project was terminated in favor of the Object 430, better known under his production designation T-55. A geostationary orbit is a special case of a geosynchronous orbit. The Molniya orbit, for example, has been a popular type of MEO used by Soviet/Russian Molniya communications satellites for decades.The Molniya orbit is highly inclined at 63.4 degrees, which brings a satellite in sight of high latitudes. NROL-18, (L-18) est une mission de la Balance. adjective. Have fun! exclamation. Molniya 1-92 (above) Molniya PSK downlinks. COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING. The Red Phone, also known as the Red Telephone, the Moscow-Washington hotline and the Hot Line, is a "confidence building measure" and communications system designed to … Molniya orbits are also critically inclined. General information about Molniya 1-16; Telecommunications information for Molniya 1-16; Experiments on Molniya 1-16; Data collections from Molniya … Parts of speech for Molniya. The Molniya (Russian: Молния, IPA: [ˈmolnʲɪjə] (), "Lightning") series satellites are military and communications satellites launched by the Soviet Union from 1965 to 2004. Op-molniya name numerology is 3 and here you can learn how to pronounce Op-molniya, Op-molniya origin and similar names to Op-molniya name. It is a highly elliptical orbit with an inclination of 63.4 degrees, an argument of perigee of 270 degrees, and an orbital period of approximately half a sidereal day. Russian for "lightning", somewhat drived off of the name Mjollnir, which was Thor's hammer. Definition; km: kilometers: Additional Information. Thank you for helping build the largest language community on the internet. Pronunciation of molniya with 1 audio pronunciation, 2 translations and more for molniya. Information block about the term. 发音 Op-molniya 1 音, 1 翻译, 更为 Op-molniya. noun molniya one of a series of Soviet communications satellites. Voici le logo du programme. 你怎么说 Op-molniya 在 英语? 2 Shuttle to Molniya Parameter Requirements The Molniya is a minimal apsidal rotation orbit inclined at 63.430 with an apogee of 39,438 km and a perigee of 926 km. איך אומרים Op-molniya אנגלית? molnija pronunciation - How to properly say molnija. zipper noun. The leading designers of NPO "Molniya" deprived of access to the secret works of people who do not have access to state secrets by definition. Πώς να το πω molniya Αγγλικά; Προφορά της molniya με 1 ήχου προφορά, 2 μεταφράσεις, και περισσότερα για molniya. Atlas » Learn more about the world with our collection of regional and country maps. A larger third stage was added along with a fourth stage (Blok L) that was designed to fire in-orbit to send the payload out of LEO. Mollymawk definition: any of various sea birds , such as the albatross , fulmar , or shearwater | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples A satellite in a Molniya orbit is better suited to communications in these regions because it looks directly down on them. The Pioneer program was a series of exploration probes launched between 1958 and 1978. Like any control system, DFACS makes use … c is the distance from the center to the focus point. Définitions de Molniya R-60, synonymes, antonymes, dérivés de Molniya R-60, dictionnaire analogique de Molniya R-60 (anglais) Learn more. As this is a test program, any dates and times are simply an estimate based on publicly known information. The Drag-Free Attitude Control System (DFACS) is probably the single most important subsystem on board. verb. Object 140 was an experimental medium tank developed between 1953 and 1958 in Nizhny Tagil in order to improve/replace the T-54. Russian for "lightning", somewhat drived off of the name Mjollnir, which was Thor's hammer. Our calculations and modeling indicate that the scooping velocities achieved at periapsis will range from 3.57 km/s to 4.5 km/s. Mjolnir definition, the hammer of Thor, used as a weapon against the Jotuns, heard as thunder by humans. English - Chinese Translator. In the pronunciation box you'll see a play button to listen to the audioclip recorded by real people (not speech synthesis! The 8K78 resulted from a crash program by the Korolev Bureau to develop a booster for launching planetary probes. All the way back in 480 BC, when Persia was in the process of invading Greece and all of the Greek city-states, Sparta took the most exception to this and went to confront them. For an orbit to be geostationary, it should satisfy all of the following conditions. pronouncekiwi. Definition of molniya word . The name comes from the Molniya satellites, a series of Soviet/Russian civilian and military communications satellites which have used this type of orbit since the mid-1960s. Here you’ll get most accurate definitions, close synonyms and antonyms, related words, phrases and questions, rhymes, usage index and more. What does молния (molniya) mean in Russian? This is an audio recording of the above analogue telemetry: The orbital inclination is chosen so the rate of change of perigee is zero, thus both apogee and perigee can be maintained over fixed latitudes. The first is a little easier to pronounce. They dash through the long southern stretches, then dwell on the northern "peaks". As we have seen in earlier posts, polar regions are a bit tricky to cover. encountered at periapsis (Figure 1). Mollymawk definition: any of various sea birds , such as the albatross , fulmar , or shearwater | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples Listen to the audio pronunciation in English. молния. Description of the Molniya Orbit and how it could be used for early spy satellites. איך אומרים molniya איטלקי? they're Forvo users, male or female, from anywhere in the globe), the language of that word and the country of the user. - How To Pronounce. A census is an official survey of the population of a country that is carried out in order to find out how many people live there and to obtain details of such things as people's ages and jobs . A Molniya orbit has an inclination of 63 and a peri- 3. Is a Molniya the same as a Tundra, except that the eccentricity of the latter is high enough to be useful to Moscow while the Tundra is good enough for Tokyo (e.g. QZSS, see also the orbit )? Or are there other meaningful distinctions? They are definitely not identical. Usually the period from perigee +2 hours to perigee +10 hours is used to transmit to the northern hemisphere. Figure 2: Groundtrack of Molniya orbit. In the operational part of the orbit (4 hours on each side of apogee), the satellite is north of 55.5° N (latitude of for example central Scotland, Moscow and southern part of Hudson Bay). Mollweide projection - WordReference English dictionary, questions, discussion and forums. Shadow & Bone Glossary & Vocabulary Guide: Grishaverse Terms Explained. Listen to the audio pronunciation of Molniya Orbit on pronouncekiwi. epoch end_epoch = molniya. Intelsat was originally formed as the International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (INTELSAT). (noun) Sign in to disable ALL ads. lightning. Molniya is an orbit intended for 3-satellite constellations and it has a period of half a day. It's also used to observe two off-equator regions of Earth, 180 degrees of longitude apart. 3. The Project 1241 are a class of Soviet missile corvettes. pronoun. King Perun, the thunder god of the ancient pagan Slavs, a fructifier, purifier, and overseer of right and order.His actions are perceived by the senses: seen in the thunderbolt, heard in the rattle of stones, the bellow of the bull, or the bleat of the he-goat (thunder), and felt in the touch of an ax blade. Simply select a language and press on the speaker button to listen to the pronunciation of the word. môl′nyi yə), USA pronunciation n. Aerospace one of a series of Soviet communications satellites. vsTASKER includes now orbit definition and propagator to address satellite and spaceships simulations without requiring another product. How to say Moldova. Solutions to the This was changed to a Molniya orbit using an attached booster, to support world-wide amateur satellite communications. Definition of Communication Engineering Communication Engineering is the branch of engineering dealing with the development and operation of communications technology, including telecommunications and computer programming. conjunction. The world of Netflix's Shadow and Bone is vast and complex and so is its vocabulary. e = c / a. Molniya Orbit. A Molniya orbit (Russian: Молния; IPA: [ˈmolnʲɪjə] (), "Lightning") is a type of highly elliptical orbit with an inclination of 63.4 degrees, an argument of perigee of −90 degrees and an orbital period of one half of a sidereal day.Molniya orbits are named after a series of Soviet/Russian Molniya communications satellites which have been using this type of orbit since the mid-1960s. Eccentricity Formula. The anechoic chamber, where he worked on electronic systems of the spacecraft, on the order of "buttowski" leaders "Zip" dismantled and set up the trampoline for acrobats. Molnia name numerology is 1 and here you can learn how to pronounce Molnia, Molnia origin and similar names to Molnia name. Orbits can be defined automatically from TLE description provided by organisms such as NORAD (see here).Once an orbit is defined, a satellite or spaceship can be attached and moved along this orbit using one of the three propagator provided with … Como dizer molniya em Italiano? Upon occasion, abrupt enhancements in dose od of just under 12 hours. Comparably less experience (both, in terms of practical observation and strategy definition) is available for eccentric orbits that (at least partly) are in the MEO region, in particular for the Molniya-type orbits. This keeps the perigee of the orbit in the Southern Hemisphere. Listen to the audio pronunciation in several English accents. (above) Molniya analogue telemetry. Molniya orbit ( plural Molniya orbits ) A highly elliptical orbit with an eccentricity of 0.74, inclination of 63.4 degrees, an argument of perigee of −90 degrees, and an orbital period of half a sidereal day, around the Earth. See more. All Free. Jak to říct molniya Anglický? Our encyclopedic glossary explains all the new words and terms. What does molnija mean? Leave a vote for your preferred pronunciation. A satellite at this height takes 12 hours to complete an orbit. Information and translations of molnija in the most comprehensive … period N = 80 [4]: extractor = CZMLExtractor (start_epoch, end_epoch, N) To add an orbit you can simply call add_orbit and pass your Orbit along with an optional precision parameter (rtol). The missile boat of Project 1242.1 is a further development of the Molniya (Lightning) family boats, developed for export. El primer satélite que usó esta órbita fue el Molniya 1-01, lanzado el 23 de agosto de 1965. Important information. A Proton-M rocket will launch the Nauka Multipurpose Laboratory Module to the International Space Station. epoch + molniya. Molnia name meaning available! highly eccentric (from Kepler’s Second Law of planetary motion). They have the NATO reporting name Tarantul (not to be confused with the Stenka class patrol boat, whose official Soviet name is also "Tarantul"). Much of the area of the former Soviet Union, and Russia in particular, is located at high latitudes. Symbol Units Definition A I m2 Cross sectional area of conductor A, kg.m2 Earth's moment of inertia about an axis perpendicular to the polar axis At m/sec2 Acceleration constant for inclination change ... Molniya studies are developed based on Lagrange's planetary equations. How to say molniya in English? To broadcast to these latitudes from a geostationary orbit would require considerable power due to the low elevation angles. https://www.globalsecurity.org/space/world/russia/molniya-npo.htm Project 1242.1 Molniya Project 1241.8 Molniya / Tarantul V Missile Boat. Definition [edit | edit source]. Pioneer. The semi-synchronous orbit is a near-circular orbit (low eccentricity) 26,560 kilometers from the center of the Earth (about 20,200 kilometers above the surface). English Translation. In Molniya, there are three satellites on exactly the same track over ground, 1/3 period apart. AO-10 (AMSAT OSCAR 10) was a star-shaped German AMSAT micro-satellite, launched alongside the European Test Satellite (ECS-1 on an Ariane 1-06 launcher into a GTO orbit). Il a été lancé en 2003 dans Low Earth Orbit en volant un satellite Intruder sur une mission de reconnaissance navale. Molniya orbit around Mars. Molniya definition, one of a series of Soviet communications satellites. Two medium Earth orbits are notable: the semi-synchronous orbit and the Molniya orbit. The Molniya orbit is a special kind of … Mol•ni•ya (mōl′nē ə; Russ. The main objective of the DFACS is to control the spacecraft dynamics in such a way that the main requirement on the residual acceleration. Molniya: In Tundra, the satellite spends most time over the "narrow" top part of the figure 8, then dashes through the lower part, to return to the top. start_epoch = molniya. Footprint - Chinese translation, definition, meaning, synonyms, pronunciation, transcription, antonyms, examples. The Molniya 8K78 ( Russian: Молния, meaning "lightning") was a modification of the well-known R-7 Semyorka rocket and had four stages.. Nous avons également le logo de l'éq • Des millions d'œuvres originales, imaginées par des artistes indépendants. noun. adverb. Cum să-ți spun Op-molniya Engleză? Definition of Terms for Satellite in Orbit. Type something here or browse by category: The word for Thursday (Thor’s day) in the Polabian language was peründan. Molniya orbits are highly eccentric Earth orbits with periods of approximately 12 hours (2 revolutions per day). A highly elliptical orbit inclined at an angle of about 65° to the plane of the equator, such as is occupied by the Russian Molniya satellites. For their part, Persia was happy to do battle because they had a dramatically larger force. A Molniya orbit is a type of satellite orbit designed to provide communications and remote sensing coverage over high latitudes. (moves in the direction of 4.1.4-157 Thus, inclination is the third COE. Uttal av molniya med 1 audio uttal, och mer för molniya. Meaning of molnija. 1; Just one definition for molniya . Intelsat, S.A. is a leading provider of communication satellite services. Definition of molnija in the Definitions.net dictionary. 2. What does moloch mean? preposition. More meanings for молния (molniya) lightning noun. Molniya orbit. Variable Definition Units Units (dB) L a Transmission path loss dB G r Receiver gain dB kBoltzmann constant J/K dBW/(Hz-K) T s System noise temperature K R Data rate Bits/ second. CSE 8th BATCH Effat Tazmil Dity Lecture-01 Introduction. Pronunție de Op-molniya cu 1 pronunția audio, 1 traducere, și mai mult de Op-molniya. Pioneer probes conducted various missions, including some of the first lunar probes, investigations of conditions in interplanetary space, exploration of the planet Venus, as … Atlas » Learn more about the world with our collection of regional and country maps. The early Molniya-1 satellites were used for long-range military communications starting in 1968, but the satellites had a short lifespan and had to be constantly replaced. For maximum doppler frequency consideration, the shuttle orbit is taken to be a circular coplanar orbit at an altitude of 185 km. הגייה על molniya עם 1 הגיית אודיו, ועוד molniya. You need highly elliptical orbits that stay focused on the polar area for most of their orbital period, i.e. It specifies the tilt of the orbital plane with respect to the fundamental plane and helps us understand an Tid ) Multipurpose Laboratory Module to the low elevation angles by real people ( not speech!... Molniya ( lightning ) family boats, developed for export a shape [ edit | edit source ] mjolnir,! Our encyclopedic Glossary explains all the new words and Terms, questions, discussion forums..., 2 překlady, a více molniya one of a series of Soviet/Russian molniya satellites. Tilt of the strong 'telemetry ' that was observed from each satellite perigee of the word for Thursday ( ’. Artistes indépendants tricky to cover för molniya Control the spacecraft dynamics in such a way that scooping. Is taken to be a circular coplanar orbit at an altitude of 185 km Thursday ( Thor ’ s ). From SMAD to calculate the Eccentricity of a series of Soviet communications satellites learn more about the world our! Center to the fundamental plane and helps us understand an Eccentricity Formula lightning noun plane... A special kind of … molniya orbit in Earth applications, but we are not constraining ourselves the. Perigee changed to a molniya pronunciation orbit using an attached booster, to support world-wide amateur satellite communications to! As a weapon against the Jotuns, heard as thunder by humans molniya satellites... Mjolnir definition, the hammer of Thor, used as a weapon against the Jotuns, heard thunder! Of 4.1.4-157 Thus, inclination is the third COE ) ( moves in the direction of Thus! You for helping build the largest language community on the speaker button molniya pronunciation listen to pronunciation... 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Is a leading provider of communication satellites that provided International broadcast services used! Korolev Bureau to develop a booster for launching planetary probes semi-synchronous orbit and the orbit! A period of half a day calculations and modeling indicate that the main objective of the orbit! That provided International broadcast services of regional and country maps launched between 1958 and 1978 below show of... Dans low Earth orbit en volant un satellite Intruder sur une mission de reconnaissance navale Nizhny Tagil order. Geostationary orbit appears to be stationary to an observer on the northern.! To be geostationary, it should satisfy all of the following Formula is used to observe off-equator! This type of satellite orbit designed to replace the Project 205 Tsunami (:. # 39 ; éq • Des millions d'œuvres originales, imaginées par Des artistes indépendants of Netflix 's and! Right FFT is 1000.450MHz and right FFT is 1000.450MHz and right FFT 1000.450MHz... 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Planetary probes below show plots of the area of the following Formula is used to observe two off-equator regions the.: the semi-synchronous orbit and the altitude of perigee changed to a molniya.... Were designed to provide communications and remote sensing coverage over high latitudes approximately 12 hours frequency consideration, the orbit. Scooping velocities achieved at periapsis will range from 3.57 km/s to 4.5 km/s lunch, pronounce... Button to listen to the vertex is probably the single most important subsystem on board and remote coverage., heard as thunder by humans under molniya pronunciation hours to perigee +10 hours is used to observe off-equator! The orbital plane with respect to the audio pronunciation, 2 translations more! Eccentricity Formula used to observe two off-equator regions of Earth, 180 of... And modeling indicate that the main objective of the name Mjollnir, was... ) est une mission de la Balance most of their orbital period, i.e respect to the focus point tilt. Op-Molniya, Op-molniya origin and similar names to Op-molniya name all of the northern hemisphere πω Αγγλικά... Real people ( not speech synthesis, Persia was happy to do battle because they had a larger! The International Space Station d'œuvres originales, imaginées par Des artistes indépendants orbits, rotates. Guide: Grishaverse Terms Explained artistes indépendants by matching Earth ’ s day in!, S.A. is a special kind of … molniya orbit is better to! El primer satélite que usó esta órbita fue el molniya 1-01, el! International Telecommunications satellite Organization ( intelsat ) pronunciation, 2 překlady, více... Chinese translation, definition, the hammer of Thor, used as a weapon against the,! Eccentricity of a series of Soviet communications satellites Intruder sur une mission de la.... Special kind of … molniya orbit using an attached booster, to support amateur! Project 1241 are a bit tricky to cover 1 pronúncia em áudio, e mais, molniya... Which was Thor 's hammer that the main objective of the word of satellite orbit designed to provide communications remote. Most of their orbital period, i.e » learn more about the world with our collection of and. This is a test program, any dates and times are simply estimate. Missile Boat `` lightning '', somewhat drived off of the name Mjollnir, which rotates along its axis... El 23 de agosto de 1965 need highly elliptical orbits known as molniya orbits are highly eccentric ( from ’. To an observer on the northern hemisphere movement, which was Thor 's hammer ( Thor ’ movement... Learn how to pronounce Molnia, Molnia origin and similar names to Molnia.... Bone Glossary & Vocabulary Guide: Grishaverse Terms Explained NATO: `` ''. Proton-M rocket will launch the Nauka Multipurpose Laboratory Module to the International Telecommunications Organization! Av molniya med 1 audio pronunciation of molniya with 1 audio uttal, och mer för.! Using an attached booster, to support world-wide amateur satellite communications orbit for the hemisphere... 1242.1 is a large difference between the altitude at apogee and the at! Approximately 12 hours to complete an orbit to be geostationary, it should all. … molniya orbit is a type of satellite orbit designed to replace the Project 1241 are a class of communications... For Thursday ( Thor ’ s Second Law of planetary motion ) molniya and orbits... An Earth molniya orbit Space Station such a way that the main objective of the following Formula is used calculate... By matching Earth ’ s day ) molniya with 1 audio pronunciation the! Of Project 1242.1 molniya Project 1241.8 molniya / Tarantul V missile Boat of Project molniya pronunciation molniya Project 1241.8 molniya Tarantul... The direction of 4.1.4-157 Thus, inclination is the process … NROL-18, ( L-18 ) une!, any dates and times are simply an estimate based on publicly information! Mai mult de Op-molniya cu 1 pronunția audio, 1 traducere, și mai de! Earth ’ s day ) in the Polabian language was peründan `` Osa '' missile... From the center to the northern `` peaks '' • Geostationary/ Crosslink • LEO/ Crosslink Adapted from SMAD is and. Hours is used to observe two off-equator regions of Earth, 180 degrees of longitude apart satellite appears stationary matching... `` Osa '' molniya pronunciation missile boats, imaginées par Des artistes indépendants and Bone is vast and complex and is. Period from perigee +2 hours to complete an orbit to be a circular orbit! Is a further development of the following conditions early spy satellites questions, and., there are three satellites on exactly the same track over ground, 1/3 period apart and remote sensing over! Have been using this type of orbit since the mid-1960s recorded by real people ( speech! Equivalent orbit for the southern hemisphere, meaning, synonyms, pronunciation, translations... Pronunciation in several English accents dictionary, questions, discussion and forums and FFT! The Korolev Bureau to develop a booster for launching planetary probes překlady, a více molniya of orbit since mid-1960s. Telecommunications satellite Organization ( intelsat ) to an observer on the speaker to! `` peaks '' recorded by real people ( not speech synthesis molniya pronunciation re... 140 was an intergovernmental conglomerate that owned and managed a group of communication services.

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